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Between Facts and Norms, Pemikiran Hukum Jürgen Habermas (2): Pengantar dari Jürgen Habermas

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PENGANTAR Jürgen Habermas  | Penerjemah: Anom Surya Putra | Di Jerman, filsafat hukum telah lama tidak lagi menjadi materi pembahasan bagi para filsuf. Jika saya jarang menyebut nama Hegel dan lebih mengandalkan teori hukum Kantian, hal ini juga mengungkapkan keinginan saya untuk menghindari suatu model yang menetapkan standar yang tidak dapat dicapai bagi kita. Memang, bukan kebetulan bahwa filsafat hukum, dalam mencari kontak dengan realitas sosial, telah bermigrasi ke aliran-aliran (mazhab) hukum. [1] Namun, saya juga ingin menghindari ilmu hukum teknis yang terfokus pada fundasi-fundasi hukum pidana. [2] Apa yang dulunya dapat dianut secara koheren dalam konsep-konsep filsafat Hegelian saat ini menuntut pendekatan pluralistis yang menggabungkan perspektif teori moral, teori sosial, teori hukum, serta sosiologi dan sejarah hukum. Saya menyambut ini sebagai kesempatan untuk menampilkan pendekatan pluralistis yang sering tidak diakui/disadari teori tindakan komunikatif. Konsep-konse
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BUM Desa Jayagiri, Bandung Barat, Konsolidasi Wana Wisata Pasir Ipis


BUM Desa tidak identik hanya dengan Dana Desa. Justru, Sumberdaya Bersama (common pool resources) menjadi tenaga utamanya. BUM Desa Madani, Desa Jayagiri, Bandung Barat, salah satu BUM Desa yang mulai memetakan potensi aset Sumberdaya Bersama.

Lili Suharli, Ketua BUM Desa Madani, Desa Jayagiri, Bandung Barat, menjelaskan, "Potensi Wana Wisata Pasir Ipis sudah dikelola oleh Karang Taruna dan Perhutani, kedepan akan dikonsolidasi bersama BUM Desa."

Potensi aset atau sumberdaya bersama di sekitar Desa Jayagiri. Sumberdaya Bersama ibarat "dicintai tapi tak bisa dimiliki". Pasir Ipis dan Pamunduran Jayagiri. Taman Junghuhn dikelola oleh BKSDA. 

Bersesambungan dengan sumberdaya bersama, ada pula Aset Desa seperti tanah carik dan aula Desa. Ditambah dengan Aset Masyarakat Desa warung jajanan (ketan bakar, nasi goreng, bakso, dan lainnya). Penginapan dan rumah makan yang dijalankan oleh sebagian warga Desa. Peternakan sapi, pertanian, pengelolaan air bersih dan pengelolaan sampah.

Skenario utama yang terdiskusikan pada diskusi kali ini adalah penyusunan paket wisata. Meski belum detail dan butuh dialog banyak dengan kelompok kepentingan di Desa dan supra-Desa, gagasan paket wisata berdesa Jayagiri sudah mulai terbentuk alurnya.

Wana Wisata yang sudah eksis dikelola oleh warga, akan disusun paket wisatanya oleh BUM Desa Madani agar semua kelompok kepentingan warga Desa bisa memperoleh manfaat bersama.

Kapitalisasi dijalankan melalui paket wisata Studi Desa. Desa Jayagiri akan membuka diri untuk dialog tentang kelembagaan BUM Desa, institusi pemerintahan Desa (Pemerintah Desa dan BPD) dan lembaga kemasyarakatan Desa (pengelola air bersih, sampah).

Paket wisatawan mukim (live in) akan mendorong wisatawan seperti merasakan sekian hari menjadi warga Desa Jayagiri. Pengunjung akan belajar (live in) menjadi warga Desa yang melihat praktik keseharian administrasi pemerintahan Desa, tradisi syukuran, sambil berjalan-jalan dan berdialog dengan warga Desa setempat.

BUM Desa Madani, Pemerintah Desa Jayagiri, BPD dan kelompok usaha warga Desa mulai berbenah. Mulai memilah mana kepentingan kolektif-Desa untuk disatukan dalam satu paket wisata berdesa. "Kami harus meyakinkan Pemerintah Desa dan BPD agar ada fasilitas wisata yang cukup, seperti flying fox, camping ground, paint ball, wisata kuliner, wedding outdoor, dan paket meeting", kata Broto Budi Hartono, Sekretaris BUM Desa.

Kami berupaya menajamkan ide-ide yang masing bergelayutan diantara pengurus BUM Desa. Pemetaan potensi aset yang bertumpu pada sumberdaya bersama bertujuan agar BUM Desa tidak terkunci dengan modal uang. Kelembagaan BUM Desa dianjurkan berubah, mulai struktur organisasi, susunan kepengurusan, dan peraturan di Desa yang melegitimasinya.

Termasuk pula kami berupaya melakukan edukasi dan praktik penyusunan daftar akun, kode akun, dan aplikasi keuangan sederhana standar Entitas Tanpa Akuntabiltias Publik (ETAP). Agar BUM Desa tertib administrasi, dan punya legitimasi untuk mengeluarkan BEBAN (biaya untuk pembangunan infrastruktur dan layanan usaha lainnya) kaitan dengan wisata berdesa.*

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