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[Calon Buku] Hukum Komunikatif by Anom Surya Putra

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 HUKUM KOMUNIKATIF Karya: Anom Surya Putra ~ Naskah (calon) buku yang ditulis dalam keadaan "chaotic", non-sistematis, sedikit mengandung aforis atau metafor, tidak bermanfaat bagi praktisi hukum, dan mungkin berguna bagi pemula yang hendak membaca "hukum" dengan cara rebahan, atau bacaan ringan bagi individu yang mati-langkah dengan dunia hukum yang digeluti selama ini ~ BAGIAN KE-1: BANGUN DARI TIDUR YANG PANJANG Secangkir kopi dan teh berdampingan di meja kecil. Gemericik air dari pahatan pancuran air menemani cairan yang tersimpan di dalam cangkir kopi dan teh. Mata sembab setelah menatap ribuan kalimat di layar komputer. Jemari bergerak secara senyap, memindahkan visual pikiran dan audio batin ke dalam rangkaian gagasan. Awal. Baru memulai. Chaotic . Bangun dari tidur yang panjang.  Terlalu banyak minum kopi dan teh sungguh memicu asam lambung. Cinta yang mendalam terhadap kopi dan teh terganggu dengan asam lambung yang bergerak maraton di dalam tubuh. Kurang b...
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Metodologi Riset Foucaultian: Diskursus, Percakapan dan Teks Kemiskinan



Scheurich dan McKenzie menulis metodologi Foucault (arkeologi dan genealogi) sebagai varian analisis dalam penelitian kualitatif (Denzin dan Lincoln, 2011:217). Arkeologi-genealogi kemiskinan merupakan medan penelitian yang memusatkan perhatian pada pengetahuan (savoir) yakni pengetahuan yang bertautan dengan praktek kekuasaan dan menubuh secara sosial. 

Pengetahuan teknis (connaissance) seperti statistika kemiskinan dan desentralisasi administrasi akan terlihat ambigu, irasional, campur-aduk, dipenuhi kesalahan acak, diwanai kompetisi di kalangan elit dan lain sebagainya. 

Perakyla melanjutkan gagasan Scheurich-McKenzie tentang arkeologi-genealogi Foucault dalam analisis diskursus (Denzin dan Lincoln, 2011:250). Peneliti menggeluti teks-teks tertulis dengan mengambil wawasan dan inspirasi dari karya Foucault. Foucault tidak mengajukan serangkaian metode yang tetap untuk analisis teks. Cara menganalisis dan interpretasi teks menjadi variatif akan tetapi memiliki perhatian utama yakni: bagaimana serangkaian ‘pernyataan’ menjadi objek sekaligus subjek? Penciptaan subjek dan objek merupakan fokus kajian arkeologi dan genealogi.

Perakyla mencontohkan karya David Armstrong yang berpendekatan Foucaultian dan konstruktivistik dalam analisis teks. Armstrong mengkaji buku-buku teks kedokteran dan jurnal yang memperlihatkan bagiamana objek seperti tubuh, penyakit dan kematian, sekaligus subjek seperti dokter, pasien dan perawat, dimasukkan ke dalam teks-teks tersebut sepanjang dua abad yang lewat.


Peneliti selanjutnya dapat mengembangkan model analisis Armstrong dalam panduan wawancara tak-terstruktur yang selanjutnya ditranskrip dan dilakukan analisis percakapan dan teks. Substansi pertanyaan berkembang dalam proses tatap-muka, respons bahasa tubuh informan, reaksi setuju/penolakan/keberatan dan kondisi psikis yang berlangsung dalam wawancara.

Analisis teks tertuju pada kandungan proporsional, bukan bentuk linguistik teks semata atau sekedar merangkai frasa dan kalimat dalam penulisan narasi penelitian. Analisis teks memiliki kepekaan dalam menangkap asumsi dan pra-asumsi “miskin dan tidak miskin”, “pusat dan daerah”, dan “strategi anti-kemiskinan yang baru” dalam desentralisasi politik yang terkandung dalam teks hasil transkrip.

Peneliti melakukan triangulasi data antara analisis percakapan dan teks, hasil Analisis Data Sekunder, dan kapasitas keilmuan dari peneliti (trilogi kuasa/pengetahuan/kemiskinan) yang tertuang dalam kerangka teori.

Proses penulisan hasil penelitian akan menafsirkan hasil penggabungan (reconciling) antara material dan praktek diskursif yang berbentuk arsip, transkrip, literatur, produk kebijakan dan sejarah (misalnya kemiskinan dan desentralisasi administrasi). Penggabungan material ini memunculkan subjek dan objek kemiskinan dalam relasi kuasa/pengetahuan kemiskinan dan desentralisasi administrasi.* 

Penulis: Anom Surya Putra


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