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Between Facts and Norms, Pemikiran Hukum Jürgen Habermas (2): Pengantar dari Jürgen Habermas

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PENGANTAR Jürgen Habermas  | Penerjemah: Anom Surya Putra | Di Jerman, filsafat hukum telah lama tidak lagi menjadi materi pembahasan bagi para filsuf. Jika saya jarang menyebut nama Hegel dan lebih mengandalkan teori hukum Kantian, hal ini juga mengungkapkan keinginan saya untuk menghindari suatu model yang menetapkan standar yang tidak dapat dicapai bagi kita. Memang, bukan kebetulan bahwa filsafat hukum, dalam mencari kontak dengan realitas sosial, telah bermigrasi ke aliran-aliran (mazhab) hukum. [1] Namun, saya juga ingin menghindari ilmu hukum teknis yang terfokus pada fundasi-fundasi hukum pidana. [2] Apa yang dulunya dapat dianut secara koheren dalam konsep-konsep filsafat Hegelian saat ini menuntut pendekatan pluralistis yang menggabungkan perspektif teori moral, teori sosial, teori hukum, serta sosiologi dan sejarah hukum. Saya menyambut ini sebagai kesempatan untuk menampilkan pendekatan pluralistis yang sering tidak diakui/disadari teori tindakan komunikatif. Konsep-konse
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Tips Model Bisnis BUM Desa Pengelola Sampah


Saat ini masalah sampah dan limbah (organik dan anorganik), termasuk Bahan Beracun Berbahaya (B3), dihadapi oleh masyarakat global. Tak terkecuali Desa. Kami pernah melakukan fasilitasi dialog di sebuah Desa yang dekat dengan pabrik kulit. Aroma limbah tercium di sebagian wilayah sungai yang tercemar.

Kami angkat kembali artikel menarik tentang produk budidaya. Gagasan yang tak mungkin ambyar. Pas banget untuk BUM Desa yang menyatakan layanan usaha budidaya kedalam paket wisata Berdesa.

Ricky, seorang teman yang pernah aktif di komunitas Bengkel Tani (BeTa) menyatakan, "Masalah sampah dan limbah memang ancaman global dan Desa. BeTa menyusun ancangan Standar Operasional dan Prosedur (SOP)." Formulanya dikembangkan dari unsur mikroba yang jumlahnya jutaan. Menurut Ricky, formula itu merupakan superteam untuk mengurai segala sesuatu unsur terkecil (nano).

Tiga Komponen Pengelolaan Sampah untuk BUM Desa

Pertama, pemilahan sampah pada tiap rumah (kepala keluarga). Pilah sampah menjadi organik dan anorganik. BUM Desa bisa melakukan edukasi kepada tiap Kepala Keluarga untuk membuat kompos plus secara mandiri. Membeli hasil karya rumah tangga dari sampah plastik bekas. Dan BUM Desa menjualnya kepada pelanggan atau konsumen. BeTa terbuka untuk melatih langsung Kepala Keluarga bersama-sama dengan Divisi Usaha Persampahan yang menjadi bagian dari organisasi BUM Desa(baca: bukan Unit Usaha BUM Desa yang berbadan hukum PT).

Kedua, misi zero waste lembaga kemasyarakatan Desa seperti RT dan RW. Lembaga kemasyarakatan Desa ini menjadi lokasi dekomposter. Dekomposter difasilitasi oleh BUM Desa. Sampah organik dan organik yang telah dipilah tadi dikirim ke dekomposter. Atau sampah terpilah ini diambil oleh organiser sampah. Tak tertutup kemungkinan, BUM Desa dan BeTa kolaborasi melalui asistensi edukasi untuk RT dan RW. Targetnya, RT dan RW memiliki kompos plus dan dibagikan kepada rumah (per Kepala Keluarga) untuk media tanam atau budidaya cacing (vermicompostplus). 

Ketiga, BUM Desa. BUM Desa mempunyai divisi usaha persampahan. Organiser sampah bisa menjadi bagian dari staf Divisi Usaha persampahan. Termasuk, BUM Desa mengalokasikan honor/gaji untuk staf organizer sampah. Armada pengangkut sampah disiapkan pula oleh BUM Desa. Kolaborasi BUM Desa dengan BeTa mewujud dalam bentuk kerjasama penjualan produk-produk BeTa. Kerjasama paket pendampingan disesuaikan pula dengan kemampuan keuangan BUM Desa.

Susun Model Bisnis

Melalui metode Kanvas Model Bisnis (Business Model Canvas) yang disusun oleh BUM Desa, kami anjurkan ada Target Pendapatan BUM Desa. Cantumkan hasil penjualan kompos. Ditambah pula hasil penjualan bahan organik dan anorganik. Pemasaran atas hasil olahan itu menjadi salah satu pendapatan BUM Desa.

Jemput bola penting pula dilakukan oleh BUM Desa ke rumah warga. Sambil edukasi pemanfaatan limbah plastik bekas (botol, bungkus shampoo, bungkus sabun, dan lainnya) kepada lembaga kemasyarakatan Desa (RT, RW, lembaga pemberdayaan masyarakat Desa, dan organisasi sejenis).

Untuk menyeimbangkan Target Pendapatan (revenue stream), BUM Desa menyusun pula Beban (cost structure). Direktur dan manajer BUM Desa membeli kompos plus dari RT/RW. Jangan ragu mengeluarkan biaya untuk melakukan edukasi kepada warga. Cek kembali kode akun (chart of account) yang menjadi dasar perlakuan akuntansi keuangan BUM Desa.

BeTa amat terbuka untuk kolaborasi dengan BUM Desa untuk memberikan edukasi bagi RT dan RW. Supaya pada tahap berikutnya BUM Desa siap membuka sendiri: layanan edukasi persampahan bagi Desa dan komunitas lain. 

Paling tidak, BUM Desa mempunyai konsumen, pelanggan dan nilai-nilai Zero Waste demi terbukanya peluang pendapatan baru. 

Saatnya BUM Desa saling rangkul dengan organisasi petani di Indonesia.

Sekedar contoh, BeTa memroduksi Pupuk Kumbang Organik. Mirip dengan ide pembuatan kompos plus tapi dibuat secara profesional dengan peralatan standar di pabrik pupuk berlisensi. Apa kegunaannya:

  1. pupuk bisa digunakan untuk segala jenis tanaman – bisa digunakan sebagai starter pembuatan kompos plus – bisa ditabur di kandang untuk menghilangkan bau dan membantu kesehatan ternak. Bisa dicampur ke pakan unggas (cukup 1%) untuk mendongkrak pertumbuhan dan membantu kesehatan ternak.
  2. pupuk bisa ditabur ke kolam/tambak, untk membantu menjaga kualitas air dan pakan alami (plankton, kutu air, cacing sutra dll).
  3. pupuk bisa dicampur pelet ikan (1-2%) untuk membantu pencernaan dan mendongkrak pertumbuhan ikan/udang. 
  4. pupuk bisa ditabur di selokan, limbah organik dan lainnya untuk membantu penguraian bahan organik sekaligus menghilangkan bau.

Nah, gaess.....baik Rakyat Jelata dan Rakyat Jelita-Milenial, kamu bisa kontak Nicho 0813-3254-4502 dari organisasi Bengkel Tani (BeTa) untuk saling menguatkan, kolaborasi, kerjasama penjualan produk, dan ciptakan inovasi.*

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